What Are Cannabis Genetics?

Cannabis genetics describe the combination of inherited traits passed down through generations of plants. These traits are recorded and referenced by breeders to explain how strains are related, stabilised, preserved, or developed.

Genetic descriptions typically focus on lineage and ancestry rather than expression. This allows collectors to understand where a strain originated, how it connects to earlier varieties, and how it fits within broader cannabis history.

From an educational perspective, genetics provide a framework for understanding classification, naming conventions, and the evolution of cannabis varieties across different regions and time periods.

Genotype vs Phenotype

Two key terms frequently used when discussing cannabis genetics are genotype and phenotype. While often mentioned together, they refer to different concepts:

• Genotype: the genetic code contained within the seed itself, representing inherited traits and lineage
• Phenotype: how those genetics may be expressed under different environmental conditions

From a collector’s perspective, genotype is central because it allows genetic heritage to be traced and documented. Phenotype is discussed more in theoretical and academic contexts rather than as a basis for classification.

Strain Lineage and Genetic Heritage

Strain lineage describes how cannabis genetics have been combined, preserved, or refined over time. Many recognised strains are the result of crossing earlier genetic lines to create new combinations while retaining identifiable ancestry.

• Understanding the origins and ancestry of a strain
• Identifying classic, regional, or landrace influences
• Tracking genetic development across generations
• Preserving historically significant or rare varieties

Clear lineage documentation helps maintain clarity within cannabis genetics, particularly as strain names and classifications expand.

Stable vs Unstable Genetics

Genetics are sometimes described as stable or unstable. In educational terms, stability refers to how consistently inherited traits are passed through successive generations.

Stable genetics are usually associated with well-documented lineage and repeated refinement. Unstable genetics often reflect newer, experimental, or recently combined lines. These terms are descriptive and comparative only.

Why Genetics Matter to Collectors

• Documented lineage and authenticity
• Breeder history and genetic provenance
• Preservation of rare or discontinued lines
• Long-term archival and educational value

This approach allows collectors to curate collections based on documented heritage rather than speculation.

Learning More About Cannabis Genetics

This page forms part of the Cannabis Seed Basics section within the Education Hub.

• Strain types explained
• Terpene encyclopedia
• Articles and educational insights